Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology

Sahar A. Kadhom ¹, Majid J. Jawad ¹

Affiliations
1 Computer Sciences Department, College of Sciences for Women, Babylon University, IQ

Abstract

A “mobile ad hoc network” (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links, the union of which forms an arbitrary graph. The routers are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily; thus, the network’s wireless topology may be changed change rapidly and unpredictably. The changing state of the topology makes MANET ideal for emergency and rescue situation. Wireless ad-hoc networks will enable emergency services to continuously overview and act upon the actual status of the situation by retrieving and exchanging up-to-date detailed information between the rescue parties. Deployment of high-bandwidth, robust, self-organizing ad-hoc networks will enable quicker response to typical what/where/when questions, than the more vulnerable low-bandwidth communication networks currently in use. This paper addresses two proposal studies for constructing a net emergency system using ad hoc, with perspective, these studies take in consider to minimize the control overhead for route/location discovery by doing selective forwarding where only a few selected nodes in the network do the broadcasting, it is assumed that the mobile nodes can discern their relative positions with respect to other nodes in the range of communication. Using a real urban area being set for the emergency state, NS2 simulator has been used.

Keywords

Ad-hoc Networks, Rout Discovery, Request Zone, Mobile Node (MN).

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Tawfiq A. Abbas ¹, Majid J. Jawad ²

Affiliations
1 Dean of Information Technology, College - Babylon University, IQ
2 College of Science, Computer, Science dep.- Babylon University, IQ

Abstract

This paper surveys of digital vector map watermarking. Some information will be presented, such as the features of digital vector map, some digital vector map watermarking algorithms, possible attacks on embedded watermark. Also, challenges in field of digital vector map watermarking will be presented.

Keywords

Digital Watermarking, Vector Map, Gis, Topology.

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Tawfiq A. Abbas ¹, Majid J. Jawad ²

Affiliations
1 Dean of Information Technology, College - Babylon University, IQ
2 College of Science, Computer Science Dep., Babylon University, IQ

Abstract

While the transmission technology of data is increases rapidly, the technology to protect these from unauthorized users need to be enhanced. There are several technologies have used such as cryptography, but this technology don’t provide efficient solution. Digital watermarking technology can provide efficient solution to the above crucial problem. Digital watermarking is applied in several media such as image, audio, video, text. As we know, in most of the applications of digital watermarking, the watermark is used to protect the copyright of digital product. In the other word, the product(cover) is important. According to this fact, we presented a new watermarking concept called intelligent watermarking. We took vector map of GIS (Geographic Information System), as case study. Briefly, the scheme depends on the feature of the cover. The embedding of the watermark can be done in several steps. First extracting some features from the original digital vector map. Second combining these features with external watermark in order to get the intelligent watermark. Third embedding the intelligent watermark in the vector map to get the watermarked vector map. The extracting of the watermark can be done in several steps. First, extract the intelligent watermark from the watermarked digital vector map. Second decomposing the intelligent watermark into features and external watermark. Third reversing the extracted features to features of watermarked vector map. So, if the watermarked vector map is attacked, this watermarked vector map will be distorted, otherwise will not be distorted. Our proposed scheme can be applied in all the other media.

Keywords

Intelligent Watermark, Copyright Protection, GIS, Digital Vector Map.

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